Trade-Investment-Innovation-Based Supply Chains

This figure presents a large American manufacturer’s supply chains from three complementary perspectives: Trade-based (shipments), Investment-based (claims on supplier's capital including FDI), and Innovation-based (global ultimate corporate owner of the supplier). We use top 100 suppliers which represents 85 percent of the example manufacturer's supply chain. The bars represent aggregation to countries of the shipment origin, investment origin and origin of the owner of the operational technology.