Global
Linkages
Lab

Nobel Prize goes to Brown-Econ!
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GLL has several projects in progress on these critical links between innovating firms, openness to trade and capital flows that can inform evidence-based policymaking for global growth and welfare. Stay tuned!

Recent Research Highlights

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April 2025
How disruptive is Trump's global trade war?
We develop a new framework to study how trade policy and central bank actions interact in a world connected through trade and finance. The model captures how tariffs and other trade barriers affect inflation, employment, output, and the exchange rate—particularly when countries are linked through complex input–output networks. Our findings show that tariffs operate as both supply and demand shocks, generating broad ripple effects across the global economy. The magnitude and direction of these effects depend critically on how central banks respond. Using the model, we replicate key features of the U.S. experience during the 2018 tariff hikes, including slower growth, rising inflation, and a stronger U.S. dollar. We apply our framework to "Liberation Day" tariffs as well. Importantly, we also find that even tariff threats—announcements that are later reversed—can negatively affect the economy.
March 2025
Global Vaccinations: The least cost-highest return solution to economic contractions during the pandemic.
We developed a global economic model to understand how disruptions in one part of the world—such as low vaccination rates in emerging economies during the COVID-19 pandemic—can affect advanced economies. When developing countries were forced to impose lockdowns due to uncontrolled infections, the global economy experienced ripple effects: shortages of critical inputs, higher import prices, and weaker external demand for exports from advanced economies. Our model quantifies the economic costs of these disruptions for wealthier countries and shows that the magnitude of the impact depends heavily on how interconnected industries are through global supply chains. The key insight is clear: investing in vaccine access for lower-income countries is not just a humanitarian imperative—it is also a sound economic strategy for advanced economies seeking to safeguard their own growth and stability.
https://www.ft.com/content/53c668bc-1066-4d8c-8c8d-5d29ba34a06e?desktop=true&segmentId=d8d3e364-5197-20eb-17cf-2437841d178a#myft:notification:instant-email:content
https://www.ft.com/content/a14399fc-49c0-4e29-8354-54f9a0b9a895?desktop=true&segmentId=d8d3e364-5197-20eb-17cf-2437841d178a#myft:notification:instant-email:content
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/23/business/coronavirus-vaccines-global-economy.html?referringSource=articleShare
https://www.wsj.com/articles/faltering-covid-19-vaccine-drive-in-developing-world-risks-prolonging-pandemic-11613557801
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/25/hoarding-covid-vaccines-could-cost-wealthy-countries-45tn
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p095609x
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-05/the-9-2-trillion-price-tag-for-failing-to-vaccinate-the-world
https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/why-rich-countries-should-subsidize-vaccination-around-the-world
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/02/the-4-trillion-economic-cost-of-not-vaccinating-the-entire-world/
https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/02/13/1018259/why-a-failure-to-vaccinate-the-world-will-put-us-all-at-risk
https://theconversation.com/the-4-trillion-economic-cost-of-not-vaccinating-the-entire-world-154786
https://storypartnersdc.com/economic-recovery-dependent-on-vaccinating-the-world/
February 2025
What are the drivers of 2021 Inflation?
We built a global economic model to understand what caused inflation during and after the pandemic. It shows that both country-specific and worldwide shocks—like supply disruptions and shifts in demand—spread through global trade and production networks. Even if labor shortages happened unevenly, they pushed up costs across many sectors, leading to broad-based inflation. Countries with flexible exchange rates were better at handling these shocks, limiting inflation spillovers. Overall, it was the mix of sector-specific supply problems and global demand surges that best explains why inflation rose in so many places at once.
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-24/fed-to-inflict-more-pain-on-economy-as-it-readies-big-rate-hike?srnd=premium&sref=d16KMguM
https://www.ft.com/content/da283616-c30b-4274-9278-4f82ef562243
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/24/business/inflation-demand-prices-us.html
https://www.wsj.com/articles/ny-fed-ties-most-of-inflation-surge-to-supply-problems-11661364051#:~:text=A%20notable%20amount%20of%20the,Bank%20of%20New%20York%20said
https://www.marketplace.org/2022/08/25/what-was-the-main-driver-of-inflation-from-2019-21/
April 2024
How do FED hikes transmit to the rest of the world?
Unlike in the past, the recent U.S. interest rate hikes in 2022–2023 haven’t caused a financial crisis in emerging markets. Historically, these countries were hit hard when the Federal Reserve raised rates, as investors pulled out and borrowing costs soared. But this time is different. Emerging markets have improved their monetary policies and reduced their reliance on U.S. dollar debt, making them more resilient. As a result, there’s been less capital flight and smaller increases in risk premiums than in previous episodes. These results imply that the way FED hikes transmit to the rest of the world is through higher risk premiums and countries can reduce their own premia with increased monetary policy credibility.
https://www.ft.com/content/3c321f16-91e2-4d86-90b2-22b16352428d
July 2022
Can trade increase when supply chains are blocked? If so what are the implications for inflation and output?
We study why inflation rose in the Euro Area during the COVID-19 pandemic and how it compared to what happened in the U.S. between 2020 and 2021. We find that the shift in consumer spending—from services to goods—played a big role in driving inflation, especially because global supply chains amplified the effects. Labor shortages in specific sectors made the problem worse, leading to higher inflation than if the economy had only faced changes in demand. Interestingly, global supply disruptions and foreign shocks mattered more for inflation in Europe than domestic spending did. Also, even though demand for goods was strong, trade didn’t respond as much as it did during the 2008–09 crisis, partly due to supply bottlenecks. The overall takeaway is that inflation would have been much lower without these supply-side issues, even if governments had tried to stimulate demand.
https://www.ft.com/content/da283616-c30b-4274-9278-4f82ef562243
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/24/business/inflation-demand-prices-us.html
https://www.wsj.com/articles/ny-fed-ties-most-of-inflation-surge-to-supply-problems-11661364051#:~:text=A%20notable%20amount%20of%20the,Bank%20of%20New%20York%20said
https://www.marketplace.org/2022/08/25/what-was-the-main-driver-of-inflation-from-2019-21/

Global Linkages Lab

The Global Linkages Lab hosts a diverse range of raw and derived datasets on global trade and financial linkages, at a granular level, enabling to ignite path breaking research on issues such as global networks, tariffs and sanctions, trade and inflation, domestic and global productivity, misallocation of global capital, financing of green transition, dominance of the dollar, the global impact of U.S. fiscal, monetary and trade policies, geopolitics led global fragmentation and disengagement amidst significant global challenges. One of our primary goals is to provide a valuable public service, by sharing our data and hosting seminars and large conferences.